Algeria was the world’s largest wine exporter until the 1960s.[a] By a huge margin—more than the next six largest exporting countries (including France, Italy, and Spain)—combined. Then it collapsed. What happened? 1. Under French colonialism from the 1830s, the Algerian wine industry grew, though the regime was often brutal. 2. Then, from the 1950s and […]

Objectivism is a philosophy. Ayn Rand said that philosophy is a science: “Epistemology is a science devoted to the discovery of the proper methods of acquiring and validating knowledge. Ethics is a science devoted to the discovery of the proper methods of living one’s life. Medicine is a science devoted to the discovery of the

Modernist art rejects representation in art often contemptuously, calling it “non-art” or “kitsch.” Why? Partly it’s the influence of philosopher Immanuel Kant. In his famous Critique of Judgment, in which he calls “sublime” the Hebrew Scripture passage “Thou shalt make no graven images.” I discuss Kant’s general philosophy, his philosophy of art, and his influence

Question:In 200 words, what is the argument of Stephen Hicks’s book Explaining Postmodernism? ChatGPT: Stephen Hicks’s book “Explaining Postmodernism” argues that postmodernism, a cultural and academic movement that emerged in the late 20th century, represents a radical break with the rationalist and humanist traditions of modernity. According to Hicks, postmodernism is characterized by a rejection

Question:In 200 words, what is the argument of Stephen Hicks’s book Nietzsche and the Nazis? ChatGPT: Stephen Hicks’s book Nietzsche and the Nazis argues that there is a direct connection between the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and the rise of Nazi ideology in Germany. Hicks argues that the Nazis were heavily influenced by Nietzsche’s ideas,