Ethics

Mussolini and Kant on war and the sacrifice of individuals

In his 1932 The Doctrine of Fascism, Benito Mussolini quotes approvingly historian Ernst Renan for his “pre-fascist intuitions”: “The maxim that society exists only for the well-being and freedom of the individuals composing it does not seem to be in conformity with nature’s plans, which care only for the species and seem ready to sacrifice […]

Mussolini and Kant on war and the sacrifice of individuals Read More »

In class: Socrates in Plato’s *Apology*

On the priority of character: “Wealth does not bring goodness, but goodness brings wealth and every other blessing, both to the individual and to the State” (Apology, 30b). On the dangers of democracy: “No man on earth who conscientiously opposes you or any other organized democracy, and flatly prevents a great many wrongs and illegalities

In class: Socrates in Plato’s *Apology* Read More »